The Fourth Circuit’s recent decision in United States v. Lowers crystalizes two key Trust & Safety issues for providers. Lowers primarily holds that even when a user agrees to terms of service that permit a provider to...

On September 30, 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CPPA”) and Tractor Supply Company announced a $1.35 million settlement to resolve claims that the company violated the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Initially prompted by a consumer...

Update – 8/1/2025: This is a follow up post to our November 2024 post “Omnibus Nondisclosure Orders Challenged.” On July 18, 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“DC...

On July 1, 2025, a new Virginia law takes effect that aims to make it easier for law enforcement and civil litigants in Virginia to obtain records from providers doing business in the Commonwealth – even if...

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit recently heard argument on a challenge to law enforcement’s increasingly common practice of obtaining nondisclosure orders (“NDOs”) that cover an entire investigation rather than an individual...

In a split opinion, the Fourth Circuit ruled in United States v. Chatrie that the government did not conduct a Fourth Amendment search when it obtained two hours’ worth of Google Location History data pursuant to a geofence...